RESEARCH PAPER
Effects of growing spring barley in organic agriculture as a result of constructed bacterial consortia and living mulch
1
Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Ignacy Mościcki University of Applied Sciences in Ciechanów, Narutowicza 9, 06-400 Ciechanów, Poland
2
Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Bolesława Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
3
Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szydłowska 50, 60-665 Poznań, Poland
Final revision date: 2024-12-13
Acceptance date: 2024-12-19
Publication date: 2025-04-22
Corresponding author
Rafał Górski
Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Ignacy Mościcki University of Applied Sciences in Ciechanów, Narutowicza 9, 06 - 400, Ciechanów, Poland
Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Ignacy Mościcki University of Applied Sciences in Ciechanów, Narutowicza 9, 06 - 400, Ciechanów, Poland
Int. Agrophys. 2025, 39(3): 227-243
HIGHLIGHTS
- Application of bacterial consortia increases yield of spring barley
- Living mulch of a mixture had the most favorable effect on spring barley
- Bacterial consortia and living mulch increase biological index of soil fertility
KEYWORDS
spring barleyplant growth promoting rhizobacterialiving mulchyieldbiological index of soil fertility
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The objective of the research conducted in a temperate climate was to determine the effect of bacterial consortia in spring barley cultivated with living mulch on grain yield, grain yield structure, and the biological index of soil fertility. The experiment was conducted with the following two factors: bacterial consortia: control, inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum Br17 and Azotobacter chroococcum, inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; living mulch: control, red clover, red clover and Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass. The highest spring barley yield characterized by the best biometrical characteristics of the ear and 1000-grain weight was recorded in the treatment with Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Of the tested living mulch, the most favorable effect on grain yield and its structure was associated with the living mulch of red clover mixed with Italian ryegrass. Organic growers should be encouraged to apply the technology of cultivating spring barley with a mixture of red clover and Italian ryegrass used as living mulch following an application of Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, as it contributes to the highest grain yield with good yield structure while preserving the highest soil fertility.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
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