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RESEARCH PAPER
Determination of the influence of moisture content on various mechanical properties
of wood pellets
1
Department of Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Universidad de Extremadura, Centro Universitario de Plasencia Avda. Virgen del Puerto nº 2, 10600 Plasencia (Cáceres), Spain
2
Department of Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Universidad de Extremadura, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Avda. Adolfo Suárez, s/n. 06007 Badajoz, Spain
Final revision date: 2026-06-19
Acceptance date: 2026-07-24
Publication date: 2026-09-18
Corresponding author
Int. Agrophys. 2026, 40(4): 469-492
HIGHLIGHTS
- The values of the angle of internal friction ranged from 35.7º to 41.4º
- No correlation was found between moisture content and various parameters
- The values obtained for apparent cohesion ranged from 13.36 to 22.66 kPa
- The higher the normal stress applied, the lower the dilatancy angle
- Moisture content was correlated with the apparent specific weight
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the demand for wood pellets has increased worldwide. Moreover, its production is rising and the number of facilities to store them is increasing as well. Since this product is usually stored in agricultural silos, the loads generated inside them depend on its mechanical properties. Therefore, the purpose of this research was the determination of some mechanical properties such as the angle of internal friction, the apparent cohesion, the dilatancy angle, the grain-wall friction coefficient, or the specific weight of wood pellets subjected to different moisture contents. The main findings of this study were that no correlation was found between the moisture content of the wood pellet samples and any of the following parameters: the angle of internal friction, the effective angle of internal friction, the apparent cohesion, the dilatancy angle, or the grain-wall friction coefficient within the moisture range used in this study. Furthermore, the angle of internal friction ranged from 35.7º to 41.4º. Finally, there was a correlation between the apparent specific weight and the moisture content of the sample. These data may be useful to design suitable, efficient, and cost-effective facilities and infrastructure for the handling and storage of biomass products.
FUNDING
This research was developed within the scope of the R&D Project PID2024-158768NB-I00 ("Flow and breakage of granular particles in steel silos and simulation with Discrete Element Models -SIMUBREAK") funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/UE. This paper has been co-financed 85% by the European Union, the European Regional Development Fund and the Regional Government of Extremadura. Managing authority: Ministry of Finance. Grant file numbers: GR24154 and GR24077.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTIONS
Research concept and design: M.M.I., J.R.V.G.; Collection and/or assembly of data: M.M.I., M.C.G.; Data analysis and interpretation: M.M.I., J.R.V.G., P.V.L., M.C.G.; Writing the article: M.M.I.; Critical revision of the article: M.M.I., J.R.V.G., P.V.L., M.C.G.; Final approval of the article: M.M.I., J.R.V.G., P.V.L., M.C.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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