RESEARCH PAPER
Antioxidant enzyme reprogramming, ROS scavenging, and modulations in secondary metabolites attenuate immunity in rice against Helminthosporium oryzae attack
1
Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P.R. China
3
Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
4
Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
Final revision date: 2025-03-18
Acceptance date: 2025-03-21
Publication date: 2025-05-27
Corresponding author
Int. Agrophys. 2025, 39(3): 301-317
HIGHLIGHTS
- Helminthosporium oryzae is a devastating pathogen of rice
- The results showed variation in rice traits in response to Helminthosporium oryzae
- Antioxidant defense and growth patterns indicated resistance in rice
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
In agricultural ecosystems, plant pathogens cause devastating diseases that jeopardize global food security. This study examined the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of resistance in four rice lines and one variety against Helminthosporium oryzae. A completely randomized design experiment revealed significant shoot length reduction due to fungal toxicity, with Kharamana and Sakh showing the least damage (8.3 and 14.76%, respectively), while Binicol suffered the most. Kharamana maintained the highest chlorophyll-a levels indicating post-infection superior tolerance. Antioxidant assays showed increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Kharamana (56.19%) and Sakh (46.98%), while Binicol exhibited minimal peroxidase (POD) activity. Binicol’s ascorbic acid levels dropped by 68.1%, making it highly susceptible. Secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, anthocyanins, and lignin, were significantly altered (p < 0.05), influencing resistance. Vulnerability of Binicol was due to lower metabolite levels, whereas Kharamana and Sakh exhibited reprogrammed antioxidant responses, effectively mitigating Helminthosporium oryzae effects. This comparative analysis identifies key metabolic pathways for breeding disease-resistant rice, contributing to sustainable agriculture and improved crop management. Identification of these metabolic pathways can contribute to more sustainable and resilient agricultural practices. Additionally, these findings can be extended to rice immunity to other disease for better crop management and advancing crop production.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are thankful to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number (PNURSP2025R740), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP 2/279/46.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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| ISSN: | 0236-8722 |
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