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RESEARCH PAPER
Assessment of the early stages of rehydration observed by sorption isotherm and 1H-NMR and plant growth tests for Martian regolith simulant MGS-1
1
Department of Soil Science and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
2
M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
3
The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
4
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
5
Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
Final revision date: 2025-04-24
Acceptance date: 2025-04-29
Publication date: 2025-07-03
Corresponding author
Magdalena Bacior
Department of Soil Science and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
Department of Soil Science and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
Int. Agrophys. 2025, 39(4): 385-398
HIGHLIGHTS
- MGS-1 is hydrofobic and biotoxic to plants
- Food supply is critical for Mars colonisation
- Triticum aestivum best tolerated the MGS-1 substrate
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Soil BiologySoil PhysicochemistrySoil-Plant RelationshipsColloid physicochemistryAgricultural and Biosystems Engineering
ABSTRACT
The early stages of gaseous phase rehydration of the Mars global simulant (MGS-1) were studied using hydration kinetics, sorption isotherm, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, whereas initial plant growth tests in media containing MGS-1 were assessed by microbiotests and measurement of plant biometry – seedling root length and biomass accumulation. MGS-1 is a Martian regolith analogue, whose hydration kinetics were described by a two-exponential function, and the sorption isotherm was fitted by the Dent (GAB) model. The number of empty binding sites (1/b1) for humidity h = 1 was 1.59%, indicating the elevated hydrophobicity of the sample. The free induction decay signals (FID) were fitted by the superposition of a Gaussian component, and an exponentially decaying mobile proton signal component. The 1H-NMR spectra were fitted by a Gaussian component and a narrow Lorentzian line. The NMR signal was attenuated by the presence of paramagnetic ions, particularly Fe2+. A microbiotest of the initial growth of six plant species in MGS-1 mixtures with an inert substrate, i.e. perlite, showed high toxicity of the regolith simulant. The volumetric ratio of 2:1 (MGS-1:perlite) caused plant death and a statistically significant decrease in biomass accumulation by the tested plants. Triticum aestivum best tolerated the MGS-1 substrate.
FUNDING
This work was financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education subvention for the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics No 010013-D011, 2025.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare they have no conflict of interest.
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