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RESEARCH PAPER
Enhancing canola (Brassica napus L.) resilience to salt stress through foliar application of ascorbic acid
1
Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
2
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
4
Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
5
Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
6
Department of Botany, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
7
Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
Final revision date: 2025-09-08
Acceptance date: 2025-11-12
Publication date: 2026-01-14
Corresponding author
Muhammad Faisal Maqsood
Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Int. Agrophys. 2026, 40(2): 115-132
HIGHLIGHTS
- Ascorbic acid boosted the photosynthesis under salt stress by enhancing pigments
- Increase in ROS and Na⁺ buildup reduced by AsA foliar application
- The activity of enzymatic antioxidants increased with AsA treatment
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Canola (Brassica napus L.), essential for food and biodiesel, suffers from productivity losses due to soil sali-nity. This study evaluated the effect of ascorbic acid (AsA) foliar spray on mitigating sodium chloride (NaCl)-induced salt stress in two canola varieties, Sandal (V1) and Rachna (V2). Plants were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and salt stress (150 mM NaCl) conditions, with AsA treatments at 0, 15, and 30 mM concentrations. Salt stress can reduce canola’s morphological traits and photosynthetic activity. However, AsA treatment increased total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b (each by 55%), and carotenoids (62.8%). Salt stress elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Na+ accumulation, but AsA application under stress enhanced glycine betaine (24%), proline (23.8%), anthocyanin (26%), total soluble sugars (24.6%), proteins (19.8%), endogenous AsA (26%), flavonoids (19.8%), total phenolics (29%), and antioxidant enzymes (SOD by 24%, POD by 19.7%, and CAT by 20%). The AsA treatments helped to control oxidative stress, regulate ion balance, and reduce lipid peroxidation, thereby preventing ROS overproduction. Out of two varieties, Rachna (V2) performed better than Sandal (V1) across all morphological and physiological parameters, demonstrating superior resilience under salinity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, KSA, for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/134/46
FUNDING
This research was funded by the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, KSA, through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/134/46.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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