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RESEARCH PAPER
Enhancing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) plant growth and rhizosphere microbiome with carbon nanodots and mycorrhizal fungi: Impact on root colonization, plant growth, chlorophyll, and nitrogen content
1
Department of Plant Protection, University of Live Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati-444 602 Maharashtra, India
3
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), R. Cicero Duarte, 905-Junco, Picos-PI 64607-670, Brazil
4
Management, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi űt 138, 4225 Debrecen, Hátszeg utca 6, Hungary
5
Department of Microbiology and Ryzosphere, National Institute of Horticultural Research, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
6
Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
7
Subdepartment of Ornamental Plants and Dendrology, Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Final revision date: 2025-08-20
Acceptance date: 2025-09-03
Publication date: 2025-11-04
Corresponding author
Barbara Skwarylo
Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
Int. Agrophys. 2026, 40(1): 25-37
HIGHLIGHTS
- Carbon dots with mycorrhiza boosted root biomass, chlorophyll, and leaf nitrogen
- Highest root colonization was observed with Gly-CNDs combined with mycorrhiza
- Application of carbon nanodots and mycorrhiza boosted beneficial bacteria
- Best tomato growth and health came from combined mycorrhiza and Gly-CNDs use
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of glycine-based (Gly-CNDs) and curcumin-based (Cur-CNDs) carbon nanodots, in combination with mycorrhizal fungi (MF), on the growth and rhizosphere microbiome of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.). The experiment, conducted in 2024 in a controlled greenhouse environment, evaluated root colonization, plant height, stem thickness, chlorophyll content, nitrogen uptake, and microbial abundance in the rhizosphere. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly enhanced root colonization, particularly when combined with nanodots, improving nutrient uptake and chlorophyll content. The application of Gly-CNDs and Cur-CNDs, both independently and synergistically with MF, positively influenced root biomass, chlorophyll a and b content, and nitrogen accumulation in leaves. Microbial profiling showed that treatments increased bacterial populations (notably Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) while suppressing fungal abundance in the rhizosphere, indicating a shift in microbial community structure. Among all treatments, the combination of mycorrhizal fungi with Gly-CNDs (MF+NSG) proved most effective in promoting plant growth and health status. These findings highlight the potential of CNDs as sustainable biostimulants to enhance tomato production, improve soil microbiome dynamics, and reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers.
FUNDING
This work was funded by the Minister of Science and Higher Education of Poland, Subsidy: SUBB.WOK.19/019.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
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