Climate change affects agriculture through elevated atmospheric CO₂, rising temperatures, altered precipitation, and increasingly frequent extreme events, whose effects are transmitted through interacting soil, plant, microbial, and atmospheric processes. This review advances beyond predominantly stressor- or yield-centred syntheses by proposing an operational field-scale soil-plant-atmosphere-management framework that integrates external climate drivers, site parameters, soil and plant state variables, endogenous responses, greenhouse-gas fluxes, management interventions, feedback mechanisms, and explicit validation routes. A structured narrative synthesis of recent literature was used to evaluate how these components interact under heat, drought, flooding, salinity, nutrient limitation, elevated CO₂, and pest pressure. The framework clarifies causal pathways that are often treated separately; for example, heat and drought increase atmospheric water demand and soil-water depletion, promoting stomatal closure, reduced photosynthesis, biomass loss, and yield decline, whereas flooding reduces root-zone oxygen, enhances denitrification and N₂O emissions, restricts nutrient availability, and impairs root and crop performance. The synthesis further shows that management practices such as residue retention, conservation-oriented tillage, cover cropping, diversification, biological inputs, precision agriculture, and climate-resilient breeding can modify these pathways by improving soil structure, water retention, nutrient synchrony, biological functioning, carbon storage, and stress buffering, although their effectiveness remains strongly context dependent. A distinctive contribution of the review is the integration of controlled experiments, field and long-term trials, multi-location testing, and process-based modelling into a common validation logic for assessing soil, plant, crop-quality, resource-use, and greenhouse-gas responses. The framework can help researchers formulate verifiable multi-stress hypotheses, support agronomists in selecting locally appropriate management strategies, and assist policymakers in comparing adaptation-mitigation options according to productivity, resi-lience, emissions, cost, feasibility, and implementation risk.