RESEARCH PAPER
Comparing the yield and the nutritional and nutraceutical composition of pigmented maize landraces (Zea mays L.) grown under agroecological and conventional management
1
Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
3
Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Final revision date: 2025-03-10
Acceptance date: 2025-03-11
Publication date: 2025-05-29
Corresponding author
Elisa Domínguez-Hernández
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
Int. Agrophys. 2025, 39(3): 331-346
HIGHLIGHTS
- Agroecological management improved grain yield
- Anthocyanin-rich landraces responded better to agroecological management
- Carotenoid-rich landraces performed better under conventional management
- PCA showed organic landraces were distinguishable from conventionally grown ones
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Maize, a global staple, faces sustainability challenges in conventional farming. This study investigated, in a participatory way, the impact of agroecological versus conventional practices on maize yield and grain composition, focusing on three Mexican landraces of varying colours (yellow, blue, and pink). Measures included grain yield components, bromatological composition, bioactive characterisation, and antioxidant activity to address the concerns of both producers and consumers of maize grains. Agroecological management, incorporating manure, and manual/mechanical pest control yielded 3x more grain than conventional methods. Agroecological grains showed lower fat, protein, and dietary fibre values (p<0.001). Bioactives varied significantly (p≤0.026): anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins were influenced by variety, while cultivation practices influenced phenolics. Anthocyanin-rich varieties (blue and pink) responded favourably to agroecological management, enhancing soil fertility in high precipitation conditions. Carotenoid-rich maize showed better responses to conventional fertilisation. While agroecological management did not significantly alter grain composition, it outperformed the yield of conventional methods under excess rainfall, increasing nutrient production per unit area. This suggests agroecological approaches could enhance food security for maize producers in the short term and potentially the health benefits of landrace maize consumption, emphasising the importance of sustainable practices for smallholder agriculture and local food systems.
FUNDING
This work was supported by CONAHCYT under the national grants EPM-2020-363301; and by the UAQ and FESC-UNAM for additional funding through the PAPIME and Catedras de Investigación programmes (Proj. Nos PE211224, CI 2266 and CI2454).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
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| eISSN: | 2300-8725 |
| ISSN: | 0236-8722 |
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